{"id":685640,"date":"2024-07-19T16:25:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T15:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=685640"},"modified":"2024-07-19T16:25:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T15:25:17","slug":"4-loai-dong-co-ten-lua-danh-cho-kham-pha-khong-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/4-loai-dong-co-ten-lua-danh-cho-kham-pha-khong-gian\/","title":{"rendered":"4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian"},"content":{"rendered":"

4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 4 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\"4<\/p>\n

4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c phi thuy\u1ec1n ra kh\u1ecfi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc (Chemical Propulsion)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y \u0110i\u1ec7n (Electric Propulsion)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n (Nuclear Propulsion)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ea1ch (Fusion Propulsion)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a phi h\u00e0nh gia l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    Oxidizer + Fuel \u2192 Thrust + Heat + Byproducts<\/i><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ean l\u1eeda Saturn V s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia c\u1ee7a NASA l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Apollo.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ion v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh xa x\u00f4i. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Ion (Ion Thrusters)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 Phun \u0110i\u1ec7n (Hall Thrusters)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t (Nuclear Thermal Propulsion – NTP)<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n (Nuclear Electric Propulsion – NEP)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 NTP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hydro), ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 NEP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea9y Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00f5i M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea9y. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 4 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"4 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 T\u00ean L\u1eeda D\u00e0nh Cho Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng Gian: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 4 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.\" \/>\n<meta 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