{"id":685893,"date":"2024-10-29T08:02:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T07:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=685893"},"modified":"2024-10-29T08:02:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T07:02:48","slug":"cac-thach-thuc-ve-nhiet-trong-cac-moi-truong-song-ngoai-khong-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-thach-thuc-ve-nhiet-trong-cac-moi-truong-song-ngoai-khong-gian\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_thach_thuc_ve_nhiet_trong_cac_moi_truong_song_ngoai_khong_gian.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c V\u1ec1 Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u1ed1ng Ngo\u00e0i Kh\u00f4ng Gian<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho c\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia.<\/p>\n<h2>1. M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00f4ng Gian: N\u00f3ng v\u00e0 L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng:<\/b> Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong kh\u00f4ng gian, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 120\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li><b>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh:<\/b> \u1ede m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng -170\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<h2>2. C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng:<\/b> Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>3. C\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7t Trong C\u00e1c Con T\u00e0u V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5<\/h2>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 <i>Multi-layer Insulation (MLI)<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2>4. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Control Systems)<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean trong t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t Trong S\u1ee9 M\u1ec7nh T\u00e0u V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 C\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 37\u00b0C. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Orion c\u1ee7a NASA, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 phi h\u00e0nh gia trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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