{"id":686834,"date":"2024-11-28T20:31:55","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T19:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=686834"},"modified":"2024-11-28T20:31:55","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T19:31:55","slug":"heli-long-sieu-luu-chat-va-ung-dung-trong-may-tinh-luong-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/heli-long-sieu-luu-chat-va-ung-dung-trong-may-tinh-luong-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"Heli L\u1ecfng: Si\u00eau L\u01b0u Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong M\u00e1y T\u00ednh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Heli l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/heli_long_sieu_luu_chat_va_ung_dung_trong_may_tinh_luong_tu.png\" alt=\"Heli L\u1ecfng: Si\u00eau L\u01b0u Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong M\u00e1y T\u00ednh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1eed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Heli L\u1ecfng: Si\u00eau L\u01b0u Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong M\u00e1y T\u00ednh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>Heli l\u1ecfng, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm heli chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng, \u0111ang thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. Heli l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3m si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2>Si\u00eau L\u01b0u Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, d\u01b0\u1edbi 2.17 Kelvin (-270.98 Celsius), heli-4 (\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a heli) chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, heli l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ma s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Pyotr Kapitsa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1937. Si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ef1c cao: Heli l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt: Heli l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ma s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phim: Heli l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 do do c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c van der Waals.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Heli L\u1ecfng Trong M\u00e1y T\u00ednh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i &#8220;si\u00eau d\u1eabn&#8221; v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u &#8220;nhi\u1ec5u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9&#8221;. Heli l\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, heli l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. C\u00e1c qubit, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Heli l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c qubit t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch Heli L\u1ecfng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t cryogenic:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng heli l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 Kelvin, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c qubit ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Heli l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh, heli l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5u nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Heli l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, heli l\u1ecfng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edbi cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heli l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 si\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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