{"id":688448,"date":"2024-08-14T08:40:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=688448"},"modified":"2024-08-14T08:40:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:40:52","slug":"do-luong-va-quan-ly-nang-luong-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/do-luong-va-quan-ly-nang-luong-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/do_luong_va_quan_ly_nang_luong_nhiet.png\" alt=\"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, can nhi\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 r\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Can nhi\u1ec7t (Thermocouple)<\/strong>: Can nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m hai d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1i hai \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thermistor<\/strong>: Thermistor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed do t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf m\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/em>\n<div>\n            \\( Q = mc\\Delta T \\)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m &#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (J\/kg\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T \\) &#8211; S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourier cho truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/em>\n<div>\n            \\( q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx} \\)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q &#8211; M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>k &#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/mK)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\) &#8211; \u0110\u1ea1o h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo kh\u00f4ng gian<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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