{"id":688657,"date":"2024-08-14T07:18:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T06:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=688657"},"modified":"2024-08-14T07:18:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T06:18:16","slug":"truyen-nhiet-trong-he-thong-dia-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-trong-he-thong-dia-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/truyen_nhiet_trong_he_thong_dia_nhiet.png\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecba Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier:<\/p>\n<p>\nq = -k \\(\\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x}\\)\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q: m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>k: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<li>x: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed khi ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Newton v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>\nq = hA(T<sub>s<\/sub> &#8211; T<sub>\u221e<\/sub>)\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>h: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>s<\/sub>: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>\u221e<\/sub>: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. D\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stefan-Boltzmann m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/p>\n<p>\nq = \u03b5\u03c3T<sup>4<\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 x 10<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00b7K<sup>4<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-trong-he-thong-dia-nhiet\/\" \/>\n<meta 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