{"id":689097,"date":"2024-09-16T12:24:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T11:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=689097"},"modified":"2024-09-16T12:24:07","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T11:24:07","slug":"kim-loai-long-dan-dien-o-nhiet-do-cao-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/kim-loai-long-dan-dien-o-nhiet-do-cao-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng | D\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ede Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Cao &#038; \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/kim_loai_long_dan_dien_o_nhiet_do_cao_ung_dung.png\" alt=\"Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng | D\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ede Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Cao &#038; \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng: D\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ede Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Cao &#038; \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh dung ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng, r\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi <em>kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng D\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ede Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Cao<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1eafn, kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n (<em>Hg<\/em>), ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\sigma = \\frac{1}{\\rho(T)} \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\( \\sigma \\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>\\( \\rho(T) \\) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t \\( \\rho(T) \\) th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \\( \\sigma \\).<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<p>Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/strong> Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 natri (<em>Na<\/em>) v\u00e0 kali (<em>K<\/em>) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pin v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 natri-kali (NaK) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin natri-sulfur, cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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