{"id":689366,"date":"2024-08-17T15:09:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T14:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=689366"},"modified":"2024-08-17T15:09:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T14:09:59","slug":"kiem-soat-tang-bien-dong-chat-luu-khi-dong-hoc-hieu-suat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/kiem-soat-tang-bien-dong-chat-luu-khi-dong-hoc-hieu-suat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &#038; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &#038; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/kiem_soat_tang_bien_dong_chat_luu_khi_dong_hoc_hieu_suat.png\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &#038; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &#038; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng) n\u1eb1m ngay s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (do ma s\u00e1t) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 do \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean (Boundary layer) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o (drag) v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng (lift) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean laminar (laminar boundary layer) v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean r\u1ed1i (turbulent boundary layer).<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean laminar:<\/strong> L\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp song song v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean r\u1ed1i:<\/strong> L\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y nh\u1ecf. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng h\u01a1n t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean laminar trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y bay, v\u00e0 t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean laminar sang t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean r\u1ed1i, gi\u1eef cho l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf (small fins) ho\u1eb7c g\u1edd:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c th\u1ed5i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\rho \\left( \\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{u}}{\\partial t} + (\\mathbf{u} \\cdot \\nabla)\\mathbf{u} \\right) = -\\nabla p + \\mu \\nabla^2 \\mathbf{u} + \\mathbf{f}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\): M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{u}\\): V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u<\/li>\n<li>t: Th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n<li>p: \u00c1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\): \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mathbf{f}\\): L\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 (nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n &#8211; CFD) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o, t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &#038; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &amp; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t T\u1ea7ng Bi\u00ean D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0u | Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc &amp; Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng bi\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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