{"id":691500,"date":"2024-11-12T21:08:25","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T20:08:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=691500"},"modified":"2024-11-12T21:08:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T20:08:25","slug":"chat-cfc-chat-lam-lanh-do-dan-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chat-cfc-chat-lam-lanh-do-dan-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CFC, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\"Ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons).\n<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh CFC<\/h2>\n

\nCh\u1ea5t CFC l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo, flo v\u00e0 cacbon. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CFC \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • CFC-11 (Trichlorofluoromethane)<\/li>\n
  • CFC-12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane)<\/li>\n
  • CFC-113 (Trichlorotrifluoroethane)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \nNgay t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a CFC \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau k\u00fd k\u1ebft Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal (1987) nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CFC.\n<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n

    \nTrong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (\\( \\kappa \\)) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\n<\/p>\n

    \n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb W\/m\u00b7K. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 R-134a, R-410A c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi CFC.\n<\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

    \n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (\\( q \\)) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier cho d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:\n<\/p>\n

    \\[
    \nq = -\\kappa \\nabla T
    \n\\]\n

    \nTrong \u0111\u00f3:\n<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\( q \\): L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (W)<\/li>\n
  • \\( \\kappa \\): \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • \\( \\nabla T \\): Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \nN\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \\( L \\) v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \\( A \\), ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n:\n<\/p>\n

    \\[
    \nq = \\frac{\\kappa A \\Delta T}{L}
    \n\\]\n

    \nTrong \u0111\u00f3:\n<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\( \\Delta T \\): Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

    \nNh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t CFC v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n<\/p>\n

    \nNg\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ch\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CFC, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCh\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ch\u1ea5t CFC | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh & \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CFC, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 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content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chat-cfc-chat-lam-lanh-do-dan-nhiet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-12T20:08:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chat_cfc_chat_lam_lanh_do_dan_nhiet.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal 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