{"id":691614,"date":"2024-08-12T13:27:30","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T12:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=691614"},"modified":"2024-08-12T13:27:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T12:27:30","slug":"kha-nang-chiu-soc-nhiet-cua-vat-lieu-chiu-lua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/kha-nang-chiu-soc-nhiet-cua-vat-lieu-chiu-lua\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n

\"Kh\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ch\u1ecbu S\u1ed1c Nhi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Ch\u1ecbu L\u1eeda<\/h2>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim. S\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u1eady, l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1c Nhi\u1ec7t L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00f3ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i qu\u00e1 nhanh, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ch\u1ecbu S\u1ed1c Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (\\(\\lambda\\)):<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (\\(\\alpha\\)):<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t (\\(R\\)): <\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \\(R = \\frac{\\sigma \\cdot k}{E \\cdot \\alpha}\\), trong \u0111\u00f3:\n
      \n
    • \\(\\sigma\\) l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n
    • k l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
    • E l\u00e0 m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/li>\n
    • \\(\\alpha\\) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

      <\/u1><\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Ch\u1ecbu L\u1eeda V\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ch\u1ecbu S\u1ed1c Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

      G\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda:<\/b> G\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/p>\n

      Ceramic:<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

      Carbon composite:<\/b> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i carbon v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a, s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

      Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

      Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c 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