{"id":691728,"date":"2024-11-13T02:25:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T01:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=691728"},"modified":"2024-11-13T02:25:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T01:25:51","slug":"hydrocacbon-cong-huynh-chat-lam-lanh-tiem-nang-gay-nong-len-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hydrocacbon-cong-huynh-chat-lam-lanh-tiem-nang-gay-nong-len-toan-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrocacbon C\u1ed9ng Hu\u1ef3nh | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh &#038; Ti\u1ec1m N\u0103ng G\u00e2y N\u00f3ng L\u00ean To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hydrocacbon c\u1ed9ng hu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hydrocacbon_cong_huynh_chat_lam_lanh_tiem_nang_gay_nong_len_toan_cau.png\" alt=\"Hydrocacbon C\u1ed9ng Hu\u1ef3nh | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh &#038; Ti\u1ec1m N\u0103ng G\u00e2y N\u00f3ng L\u00ean To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hydrocacbon C\u1ed9ng Hu\u1ef3nh | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh &#038; Ti\u1ec1m N\u0103ng G\u00e2y N\u00f3ng L\u00ean To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, hydrocacbon c\u1ed9ng hu\u1ef3nh (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 HFC &#8211; Hydrofluorocarbons) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HFC \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a HFC<\/h2>\n<p>HFC l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 carbon, hydro v\u00e0 fluor. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) v\u00e0 hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng ozone.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HFC-134a: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh gia d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>HFC-32: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>HFC-125: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HFC kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, HFC \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho CFC v\u00e0 HCFC. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GWP &#8211; Global Warming Potential) cao.<\/p>\n<h2>Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GWP) c\u1ee7a HFC<\/h2>\n<p>GWP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi CO<sub>2<\/sub> (carbon dioxide). HFC m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng ozone nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb GWP r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>HFC-134a: GWP kho\u1ea3ng 1430 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>HFC-32: GWP kho\u1ea3ng 675 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>HFC-125: GWP kho\u1ea3ng 3500 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HFC kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea7ng ozone, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a HFC \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 GWP th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydrocacbon (HC): Nh\u01b0 propane (R290) v\u00e0 isobutane (R600a), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 GWP r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>CO<sub>2<\/sub> (R744): M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 GWP g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ammonia (R717): C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh cao v\u00e0 GWP b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 GWP th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrocacbon c\u1ed9ng hu\u1ef3nh (HFC) \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh thay th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrocacbon c\u1ed9ng hu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hydrocacbon C\u1ed9ng Hu\u1ef3nh | Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh &amp; Ti\u1ec1m N\u0103ng G\u00e2y N\u00f3ng L\u00ean To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hydrocacbon c\u1ed9ng hu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao. 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