{"id":692905,"date":"2024-10-18T18:17:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T17:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=692905"},"modified":"2024-10-18T18:17:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T17:17:04","slug":"truyen-nhiet-trong-hon-hop-hat-lo-lung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/truyen-nhiet-trong-hon-hop-hat-lo-lung\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng: hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lan truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/truyen_nhiet_trong_hon_hop_hat_lo_lung.png\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Trong nh\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i, c\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hay nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cho nhau v\u00e0 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra lu\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier:<\/p>\n<p><em>q<\/em> = -k \\(\\nabla T\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><em>q<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><em>k<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\nabla T\\) l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Newton:<\/p>\n<p>Q = h*A*(T_surface &#8211; T_fluid)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><em>Q<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua.<\/li>\n<li><em>h<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n<li><em>A<\/em> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li><em>T<\/em><sub>surface<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li><em>T<\/em><sub>fluid<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/h3>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p>Q = \\(\\sigma\\)*A*[(T_1)^4 &#8211; (T_2)^4]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><em>Q<\/em> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua.<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\sigma\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67*10<sup>-8<\/sup> W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>K<sup>4<\/sup>).<\/li>\n<li><em>A<\/em> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li><em>T<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> v\u00e0 <em>T<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi x\u00fac t\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng: hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lan truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng<\/title>\n<meta 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