{"id":693120,"date":"2024-08-09T00:08:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T23:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=693120"},"modified":"2024-08-09T00:08:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T23:08:05","slug":"dac-diem-nhiet-cua-vat-lieu-phan-huy-sinh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dac-diem-nhiet-cua-vat-lieu-phan-huy-sinh-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1eb7c<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (thermal conductivity) c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 0.3 W\/mK (watt tr\u00ean m\u00e9t kelvin).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (melting temperature) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, PLA (polylactic acid) m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kho\u1ea3ng 150-170\u00b0C, trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 250\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (thermal stability) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (specific heat capacity) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a PLA l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.8 J\/g\u00b0C (joule tr\u00ean gram \u0111\u1ed9 C), cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (thermal expansion coefficient) c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u00e3n ra ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i 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