{"id":694633,"date":"2024-10-07T05:37:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T04:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=694633"},"modified":"2024-10-07T05:37:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T04:37:47","slug":"ky-thuat-kiem-soat-dong-chay-tang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/ky-thuat-kiem-soat-dong-chay-tang\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ky_thuat_kiem_soat_dong_chay_tang.png\" alt=\"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng (laminar flow) c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed) ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp song song, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng hay kh\u00f4ng, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 Reynolds (Re). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 Reynolds l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Re = \\(\\frac{\\rho v L}{\\mu}\\)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c1 (rho) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>v l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n<li>L l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng)<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc (mu) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu Re < 2300, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng. N\u1ebfu Re > 4000, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i (turbulent flow).<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Trong m\u00e1y b\u01a1m tim nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng gi\u00fap m\u00e1u di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn nh\u1ecf:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u01b0u (microfluidics), d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t hay t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 Reynolds nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2300.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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