{"id":694842,"date":"2024-08-02T15:03:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T14:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=694842"},"modified":"2024-08-02T15:03:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T14:03:33","slug":"mo-hinh-hoa-nhieu-dong-trong-cfd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-hoa-nhieu-dong-trong-cfd\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD: c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mo_hinh_hoa_nhieu_dong_trong_cfd.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (Computational Fluid Dynamics &#8211; CFD) \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a CFD l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng (turbulence modeling). Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed quanh c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ea1ng \u201claminar\u201d, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k-\u03b5 (k-epsilon)<\/b>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k-\u03b5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng \\(k\\) v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng \\(\\epsilon\\). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k-\u03c9 (k-omega)<\/b>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k-\u03c9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1: \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng \\(k\\) v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng \\(\\omega\\). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 gradient l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>LES (Large Eddy Simulation)<\/b>\n<p>LES l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, chia nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xo\u00e1y l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)<\/b>\n<p>DNS l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/b>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/b>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y quanh xe \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. CFD gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC<\/b>\n<p>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/b>\n<p>Trong vi\u1ec7c khoan d\u1ea7u hay ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong CFD, gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng trong CFD: c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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