{"id":694937,"date":"2024-10-06T04:28:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T03:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=694937"},"modified":"2024-10-06T04:28:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T03:28:30","slug":"thiet-ke-thiet-bi-vi-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/thiet-ke-thiet-bi-vi-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/thiet_ke_thiet_bi_vi_long.png\" alt=\"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong <b>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t<\/b> v\u00e0 <b>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/b>. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf quy m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 micro ho\u1eb7c nano m\u00e9t. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch, pha tr\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>K\u00eanh d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/b><\/li>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y sang \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i microm\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m microm\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<li><b>M\u00e1y b\u01a1m vi l\u1ecfng<\/b><\/li>\n<p>M\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y b\u01a1m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m d\u00f9ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ly t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<li><b>Van vi l\u1ecfng<\/b><\/li>\n<p>C\u00e1c van \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf k\u00eanh d\u1eabn khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<li><b>Sensor v\u00e0 Detector<\/b><\/li>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 tan.<\/p>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Silicon hay Polyme th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 quang kh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c in 3D.<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><b>Quang kh\u1eafc (Photolithography)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m silicon ho\u1eb7c polyme, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u1eabn vi l\u1ecfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D (3D Printing)<\/b><\/li>\n<p>In 3D \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng v\u00ec t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>Y h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/li>\n<p>Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<li><b>Sinh h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/li>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m DNA.<\/p>\n<li><b>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/li>\n<p>Trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edbi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft 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