![\"C\u00e1c](\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_phuong_phap_tinh_toan_trong_dong_luc_hoc_chat_long.png\")
<\/p>\nC\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\\[
\n\\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{u}}{\\partial t} + (\\mathbf{u} \\cdot \\nabla) \\mathbf{u} = -\\frac{1}{\\rho} \\nabla p + \\nu \\nabla^2 \\mathbf{u} + \\mathbf{f}
\n\\]\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FVM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes. Trong FVM, kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch ph\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FEM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. FEM chia mi\u1ec1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FDM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n. Trong FDM, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Navier-Stokes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (MD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Thay v\u00ec x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, MD m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n