{"id":695434,"date":"2024-09-11T19:31:29","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T18:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695434"},"modified":"2024-09-11T19:31:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T18:31:29","slug":"cac-phuong-phap-hien-thi-dong-chay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-phuong-phap-hien-thi-dong-chay\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t:<\/b> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. Khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y di chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebft m\u1ef1c:<\/b> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ef1c m\u00e0u v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i xem m\u1ef1c m\u00e0u di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t (Particle Image Velocimetry – PIV):<\/b> PIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. V\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee5p cao, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y theo th\u1eddi gian. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Doppler \u00e2m h\u1ecdc (Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry – ADV):<\/b> K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ed9t s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. S\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Doppler) s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n
  • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc:<\/b> K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camera nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, qua \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 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