{"id":695472,"date":"2024-11-19T19:32:11","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T18:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695472"},"modified":"2024-11-19T19:32:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T18:32:11","slug":"vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vat_lieu_dan_nhiet_tien_tien.png\" alt=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t Ti\u00ean Ti\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Thermoelectric, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Figure of Merit, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ZT:<\/p>\n<p><i>ZT = \\(\\frac{S^2 \\sigma T}{k}\\)<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Seebeck<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>k: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ZT cao, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t <i>Bi2Te3<\/i> (Bismuth Telluride) v\u00e0 <i>PbTe<\/i> (Lead Telluride).<\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Graphene<\/h2>\n<p>Graphene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c-bon c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 2D, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, graphene c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5,000 W\/mK, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng (400 W\/mK).<\/p>\n<p>Graphene gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ngo\u00e0i ra, graphene c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n<h2>Kim Lo\u1ea1i Qu\u00fd V\u00e0 H\u1ee3p Kim<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea1c (Ag) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng (Cu) l\u00e0 hai kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t cao, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 429 W\/mK v\u00e0 400 W\/mK. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng-beryllium hay \u0111\u1ed3ng-nikel th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Ceramic<\/h2>\n<p>Ceramic (g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9) l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ceramic ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nitride nh\u00f4m (AlN) v\u00e0 oxide nh\u00f4m (Al2O3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ceramic kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-19T18:32:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vat_lieu_dan_nhiet_tien_tien.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vat_lieu_dan_nhiet_tien_tien.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"V\\u1eadt li\\u1ec7u d\\u1eabn nhi\\u1ec7t ti\\u00ean ti\\u1ebfn\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/\",\"name\":\"V\\u1eadt li\\u1ec7u d\\u1eabn nhi\\u1ec7t ti\\u00ean ti\\u1ebfn\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-19T18:32:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-19T18:32:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"V\\u1eadt li\\u1ec7u d\\u1eabn nhi\\u1ec7t ti\\u00ean ti\\u1ebfn gi\\u00fap c\\u1ea3i thi\\u1ec7n hi\\u1ec7u su\\u1ea5t n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng trong ng\\u00e0nh c\\u00f4ng nghi\\u1ec7p. Kh\\u00e1m ph\\u00e1 nguy\\u00ean l\\u00fd v\\u00e0 \\u1ee9ng d\\u1ee5ng th\\u1ef1c ti\\u1ec5n c\\u1ee7a ch\\u00fang.\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-dan-nhiet-tien-tien\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=695472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695472\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=695472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=695472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=695472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}