{"id":695491,"date":"2024-11-13T14:48:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T13:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695491"},"modified":"2024-11-13T14:48:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T13:48:17","slug":"hien-tuong-dong-chay-sieu-am-va-sieu-vuot-am","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hien-tuong-dong-chay-sieu-am-va-sieu-vuot-am\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau \u00e2m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hien_tuong_dong_chay_sieu_am_va_sieu_vuot_am.png\" alt=\"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Si\u00eau \u00c2m v\u00e0 Si\u00eau V\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00c2m<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Si\u00eau \u00c2m<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mach 1) trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 343 m\/s. Khi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Mach 1 (Ma = 1) cho \u0111\u1ebfn Mach 5 (Ma = 5).<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Si\u00eau V\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00c2m<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Mach l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Mach 5 (Ma = 5).<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ion h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>Trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c hay tuabin kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 sinh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00ean l\u1eeda:<\/b> T\u00ean l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ean l\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5:<\/b> C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau \u00e2m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau 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