{"id":695548,"date":"2024-10-15T07:14:34","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T06:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695548"},"modified":"2024-10-15T07:14:34","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T06:14:34","slug":"mo-hinh-tuan-hoan-dai-duong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-tuan-hoan-dai-duong\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 con s\u00f3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mo_hinh_tuan_hoan_dai_duong.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi hai lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh: <strong>d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00e2u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ea7ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Gulf Stream \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Kuroshio Current \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00e2u:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1i<\/em> (thermohaline circulation).<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n<p>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (nhi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n (mu\u1ed1i) g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh trong tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><strong>H\u1ea1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1nh \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1ea7m:<\/strong> N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ecm sau \u0111\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1ea5m l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre>\n\\[\n\\frac{\\partial \\rho}{\\partial t} + \\nabla \\cdot (\\rho \\vec{v}) = 0\n\\]\n\n\\[\n\\frac{\\partial \\vec{v}}{\\partial t} + (\\vec{v} \\cdot \\nabla) \\vec{v} = -\\frac{1}{\\rho} \\nabla p + \\nu \\nabla^2 \\vec{v}\n\\]\n<\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\vec{v}\\) l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n<li>\\(p\\) l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\nu\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt kinematic c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tinh. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mang nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, trong khi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00e2u mang n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 con s\u00f3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 con s\u00f3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 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