{"id":695567,"date":"2024-09-20T05:05:47","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T04:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695567"},"modified":"2024-09-20T05:05:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T04:05:47","slug":"dieu-khien-dong-chay-trong-thiet-bi-vi-mo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dieu-khien-dong-chay-trong-thiet-bi-vi-mo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dieu_khien_dong_chay_trong_thiet_bi_vi_mo.png\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 (Microdevices) \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed sao cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh vi m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng (Laminar flow) do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh. Khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di chuy\u1ec3n song song v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i (Turbulent flow) th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Reynolds number (Re) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nRe = \\frac{\\rho v D}{\\mu}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\): Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (density)<\/li>\n<li>v: V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (velocity)<\/li>\n<li>D: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh (hydraulic diameter)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\): \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (viscosity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu Re < 2000, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng; n\u1ebfu Re > 4000, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n di (Electrophoresis) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m (Electroosmotic flow)<\/h3>\n<p>Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c ion trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n di v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh vi m\u00f4 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c van vi m\u00f4 (Microvalves) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong y khoa, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 sinh h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c vi k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t vi m\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n di v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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