{"id":695624,"date":"2024-11-01T19:41:56","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T18:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695624"},"modified":"2024-11-01T19:41:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T18:41:56","slug":"dong-chay-roi-qua-cac-be-mat-tho-rap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dong-chay-roi-qua-cac-be-mat-tho-rap\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dong_chay_roi_qua_cac_be_mat_tho_rap.png\" alt=\"D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xo\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh: d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng (laminar) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i (turbulent). D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, trong khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i l\u00e0 khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c xo\u00e1y c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i. Khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xo\u00e1y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m (k) c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, ma s\u00e1t c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reynolds s\u1ed1 (Re):<\/strong> Reynolds s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c nh\u1edbt trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Reynolds s\u1ed1 l\u00e0:<br \/>\n        \\[ \\text{Re} = \\frac{\\rho \\cdot u \\cdot L}{\\mu} \\]\n        trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\rho\\) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>u l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n<li>L l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\mu\\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k-\u03b5 (k-epsilon), m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc r\u1ed1i (k) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u03b5).<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong l\u00f2ng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed1i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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