{"id":695643,"date":"2024-11-26T14:30:43","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T13:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695643"},"modified":"2024-11-26T14:30:43","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T13:30:43","slug":"ky-thuat-giam-tieng-on-do-chat-long-gay-ra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/ky-thuat-giam-tieng-on-do-chat-long-gay-ra\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ky_thuat_giam_tieng_on_do_chat_long_gay_ra.png\" alt=\"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra<\/h2>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m thanh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>D\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y:<\/b> X\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 van, b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c:<\/b> H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp:<\/b> X\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p<\/h3>\n<p>Van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u00edt kh\u00fac cong v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n gi\u00fap d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ec7m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n (L<sub>p<\/sub>) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh (I) theo bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ L_p = 10 \\log \\left(\\frac{I}{I_0}\\right) \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L<sub>p<\/sub> l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u00e2m thanh t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng decibel (dB).<\/li>\n<li>I l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/li>\n<li>I<sub>0<\/sub> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh tham chi\u1ebfu, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1 picowatt\/m<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec7m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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