{"id":695814,"date":"2024-10-09T23:01:26","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T22:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695814"},"modified":"2024-10-09T23:01:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T22:01:26","slug":"thuy-dong-luc-hoc-nhiet-trong-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/thuy-dong-luc-hoc-nhiet-trong-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong l\u00f2, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/thuy_dong_luc_hoc_nhiet_trong_lo_phan_ung_hat_nhan.png\" alt=\"Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal-hydraulics) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed uranium ho\u1eb7c plutonium ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c thanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong l\u00f2 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/b> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan lu\u00f4n trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/b> \u00c1p su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sang ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:\n<p>Q = U * A * \u0394T<\/p>\n<p>  Trong \u0111\u00f3, Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, U l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u s\u00f4i k\u00e9p:<\/b> Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng sang h\u01a1i, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/b> S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00e2y ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong l\u00f2, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong l\u00f2, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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