{"id":695947,"date":"2024-10-09T00:32:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T23:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=695947"},"modified":"2024-10-09T00:32:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T23:32:53","slug":"dong-chay-chat-long-trong-nghe-thuat-va-kien-truc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dong-chay-chat-long-trong-nghe-thuat-va-kien-truc\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dong_chay_chat_long_trong_nghe_thuat_va_kien_truc.png\" alt=\"D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c keo d\u00e1n, s\u01a1n m\u00e0u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u0110\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1n ch\u1ea3y:<\/b> Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m (khi quay) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc:<\/b> Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh quan:<\/b> Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean hay khu v\u01b0\u1eddn, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra su\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, ao h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu khu v\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli:<\/p>\n<p><i>P<\/i> + 0.5 * <i>\u03c1v<sup>2<\/sup><\/i> + <i>\u03c1gh<\/i> = constant<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><i>P<\/i> l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li><i>\u03c1<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li><i>v<\/i> l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n<li><i>g<\/i> l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 9.81 m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li><i>h<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t 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