{"id":696080,"date":"2024-10-18T12:56:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T11:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=696080"},"modified":"2024-10-18T12:56:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T11:56:18","slug":"dam-bao-dong-chay-trong-duong-ong-dau-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/dam-bao-dong-chay-trong-duong-ong-dau-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dam_bao_dong_chay_trong_duong_ong_dau_khi.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hydrat kh\u00ed:<\/b> Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, hydrat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u00e1p v\u00e0 paraffin:<\/b> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li><b>Corrosion:<\/b> Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scale:<\/b> C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5, g\u00e2y h\u1eb9p \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<h3>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n<\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n hydrat, s\u00e1p v\u00e0 scale. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y hydrat:<\/b> Gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrat b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n:<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gia nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrat v\u00e0 s\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 s\u1ea1ch \u1ed1ng (pigging) v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xi\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Pigging:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;pigs&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e3 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc:<\/b> \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/b> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i soi, ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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