{"id":697093,"date":"2024-11-20T13:24:40","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T12:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697093"},"modified":"2024-11-20T13:24:40","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T12:24:40","slug":"nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-phi-can-bang-trong-khoa-hoc-vat-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-phi-can-bang-trong-khoa-hoc-vat-lieu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

\"Nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Phi C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng trong Khoa H\u1ecdc V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/b> L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9:<\/b> L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch:<\/b> L\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m:<\/b> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fokker-Planck \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh:<\/b> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn:<\/b> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n
  • V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano:<\/b> S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt 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