{"id":697131,"date":"2024-08-28T15:58:55","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T14:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697131"},"modified":"2024-08-28T15:58:55","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T14:58:55","slug":"mo-hinh-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-cua-vat-lieu-thay-doi-pha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-cua-vat-lieu-thay-doi-pha\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha n\u00e0y sang pha kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mo_hinh_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_cua_vat_lieu_thay_doi_pha.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (PCM &#8211; Phase Change Material). Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha, n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y: Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c: Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O(s) + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng -> H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l)<\/li>\n<li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) &#8211; n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng -> H<sub>2<\/sub>O(s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ Q = m * L \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (kg)<\/li>\n<li>L: nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u (J\/kg)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 334 kJ\/kg. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y 1 kg n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 334 kJ.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: PCM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong>: PCM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong>: PCM gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c PCM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha n\u00e0y sang pha kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pha n\u00e0y sang pha kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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