{"id":697150,"date":"2024-11-09T17:27:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T16:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697150"},"modified":"2024-11-09T17:27:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T16:27:49","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoa_hoc_cho_ky_thuat_qua_trinh.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc Cho K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0:\n<p>\\(\\Delta U = Q &#8211; W\\)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\Delta U\\): Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li>W: C\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc: Trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, entropy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3m. Entropy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:\n<p>\\(\\Delta S \\geq 0\\)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00c1p D\u1ee5ng Trong K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng:\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t) cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Ch\u01b0ng C\u1ea5t:\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadn H\u00e0nh H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng:\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t, tuabin h\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-09T16:27:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoa_hoc_cho_ky_thuat_qua_trinh.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoa_hoc_cho_ky_thuat_qua_trinh.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u00f3a h\\u1ecdc cho k\\u1ef9 thu\\u1eadt qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/\",\"name\":\"Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u00f3a h\\u1ecdc cho k\\u1ef9 thu\\u1eadt qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-09T16:27:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-09T16:27:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u00f3a h\\u1ecdc cho k\\u1ef9 thu\\u1eadt qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh gi\\u00fap hi\\u1ec3u qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh chuy\\u1ec3n \\u0111\\u1ed5i n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng nhi\\u1ec7t, \\u00e1p d\\u1ee5ng nguy\\u00ean t\\u1eafc nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng v\\u00e0o thi\\u1ebft k\\u1ebf v\\u00e0 t\\u1ed1i \\u01b0u h\\u00f3a c\\u00f4ng nghi\\u1ec7p.\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoa-hoc-cho-ky-thuat-qua-trinh\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697150"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=697150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697150\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=697150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=697150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=697150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}