{"id":697188,"date":"2024-09-05T15:45:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T14:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697188"},"modified":"2024-09-05T15:45:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T14:45:06","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-o-kich-thuoc-nano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-o-kich-thuoc-nano\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nano ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\"Nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc Nano<\/h2>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 nanomet (nm). \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t-tr\u00ean-th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc \u1edf K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc Nano<\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c nano, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nano:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: T\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
  • Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed: \u1ede quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc phi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng: Do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nano th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc Nano<\/h2>\n

    Do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nano, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gibbs-Thomson, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t:<\/p>\n

    \\[ T_m(d) = T_m(\\infty)\\left(1 – \\frac{\\gamma_{sl}}{\\rho_s L_f d} \\right) \\]\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\( T_m(d) \\): \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \\( d \\)<\/li>\n
  • \\( T_m(\\infty) \\): \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn<\/li>\n
  • \\( \\gamma_{sl} \\): N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n
  • \\( \\rho_s \\): M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn<\/li>\n
  • \\( L_f \\): Nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n
  • \\( d \\): \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh h\u1ea1t<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nano c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin:<\/b> S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c transistor v\u00e0 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi:<\/b> Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nano y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng minh.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nano l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nano ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nano ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.\" \/>\n<meta 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