{"id":697207,"date":"2024-09-05T17:54:19","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T16:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697207"},"modified":"2024-09-05T17:54:19","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T16:54:19","slug":"nhiet-dong-sinh-hoc-trong-ky-thuat-chuyen-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-sinh-hoc-trong-ky-thuat-chuyen-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\"Nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng Sinh H\u1ecdc Trong K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Chuy\u1ec3n H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc (biothermodynamics) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n
  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 hai: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (entropy) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/li>\n
  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 ba: Entropy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn 0 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 0 Kelvin<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u00c1p D\u1ee5ng Trong K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Chuy\u1ec3n H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

    Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (bioenergy)<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc (biofuels)<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc (biochemicals)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n H\u00f3a Sinh Kh\u1ed1i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y (combustion), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub> + 6O2<\/sub> \u2192 6CO2<\/sub> + 6H2<\/sub>O + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

    Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, glucose (m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng sinh kh\u1ed1i) ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (entropy) thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Nhi\u00ean Li\u1ec7u Sinh H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

    S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ethanol v\u00e0 biodiesel c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men (fermentation) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng glucose th\u00e0nh ethanol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub> \u2192 2C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH + 2CO2<\/sub> + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ethanol v\u00e0 cacbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ethanol v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t H\u00f3a Ch\u1ea5t Sinh H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a enzyme, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p axit acetic t\u1eeb ethanol:<\/p>\n

    C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH + O2<\/sub> \u2192 CH3<\/sub>COOH + H2<\/sub>O + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong sinh h\u1ecdc. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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