{"id":697229,"date":"2024-09-09T19:15:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T18:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697229"},"modified":"2024-09-09T19:15:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T18:15:32","slug":"tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-cac-qua-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-cac-qua-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

\"T\u00e1c<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Engineering) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 CO2<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>, v\u00e0 NOx<\/sub> v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, l\u00e0m cho Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

2. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 SO2<\/sub>, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i (VOC), v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (PM2.5 v\u00e0 PM10). S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

3. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t (\u03b7) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u03b7 = \\(\\frac{W_{out}}{Q_{in}}\\)<\/p>\n

trong \u0111\u00f3 Wout<\/sub> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 Qin<\/sub> l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

4. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ee7y sinh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

5. Chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t 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