{"id":697248,"date":"2024-08-05T04:24:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T03:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697248"},"modified":"2024-08-05T04:24:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T03:24:59","slug":"vat-lieu-nhiet-dien-cho-chuyen-doi-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vat-lieu-nhiet-dien-cho-chuyen-doi-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vat_lieu_nhiet_dien_cho_chuyen_doi_nang_luong.png\" alt=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n Cho Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m ba hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh: hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Thomson. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua giao tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Thomson m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>H\u1ee3p kim Bi-Sb-Te<\/b>: Bao g\u1ed3m bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), v\u00e0 tellurium (Te). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Oxide<\/b>: C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxit nh\u01b0 niken oxit (NiO) hay mangan oxit (MnO) c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cao.<\/li>\n<li><b>Skutterudites<\/b>: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a cobalt (Co) v\u00e0 arsenic (As). Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 doping.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/b>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/b>: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/b>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/b>: T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>V\u1eadt 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