{"id":697286,"date":"2024-10-15T05:52:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T04:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697286"},"modified":"2024-10-15T05:52:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T04:52:51","slug":"ung-dung-nang-luong-tu-do-gibbs-trong-hoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/ung-dung-nang-luong-tu-do-gibbs-trong-hoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ung_dung_nang_luong_tu_do_gibbs_trong_hoa_hoc.png\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs (G) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Josiah Willard Gibbs, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>G = H &#8211; TS<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs<\/li>\n<li>H: Enthalpy (nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0m) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li>T: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Kelvin)<\/li>\n<li>S: Entropy (\u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs (\u0394G):<\/p>\n<p>\u0394G = \u0394H &#8211; T\u0394S<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0394G < 0: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/li>\n<li>\u0394G = 0: H\u1ec7 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n<li>\u0394G > 0: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs<\/h2>\n<p><b>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/b> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n xem m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/b> T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0394G = 0. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edch trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc:<\/b> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 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