{"id":697305,"date":"2024-10-21T10:39:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697305"},"modified":"2024-10-21T10:39:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:39:57","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoc-thong-ke-cua-dung-dich-polymer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoc-thong-ke-cua-dung-dich-polymer\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoc_thong_ke_cua_dung_dich_polymer.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea C\u1ee7a Dung D\u1ecbch Polymer<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a polymer khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong dung d\u1ecbch. Polymer l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 monomer, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polymer.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 chu\u1ed7i polymer:<\/b> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 chu\u1ed7i polymer trong dung d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polymer th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi h\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Entropi v\u00e0 Enthalpy:<\/b> Trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 entropi (S) v\u00e0 enthalpy (H). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch polymer, entropi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polymer, trong khi enthalpy li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gibbs-Duhem:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\ndG = Vdp &#8211; SdT + \\sum \\mu_i dN_i<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><i>G<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf Gibbs.<\/li>\n<li><i>V<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><i>p<\/i> l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><i>S<\/i> l\u00e0 entropi.<\/li>\n<li><i>T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><i>\\mu_i<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n <i>i<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li><i>N_i<\/i> l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n <i>i<\/i>.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong dung d\u1ecbch, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan, nhi\u1ec7t dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Flory-Huggins<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Flory-Huggins. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \\(\\chi\\) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa polymer v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\frac{\\Delta G}{RT} = \\frac{\\phi_1}{M_1} \\ln \\phi_1 + \\frac{\\phi_2}{M_2} \\ln \\phi_2 + \\chi \\phi_1 \\phi_2<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><i>\\Delta G<\/i> l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gibbs.<\/li>\n<li><i>R<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<li><i>T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><i>\\phi_1<\/i> v\u00e0 <i>\\phi_2<\/i> l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 polymer t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><i>M_1<\/i> v\u00e0 <i>M_2<\/i> l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 polymer.<\/li>\n<li><i>\\chi<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Flory-Huggins.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u polymer. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Flory-Huggins, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch polymer: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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