{"id":697324,"date":"2024-10-15T01:13:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T00:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697324"},"modified":"2024-10-15T01:13:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T00:13:44","slug":"cac-chu-ky-tien-tien-cho-san-xuat-dien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-chu-ky-tien-tien-cho-san-xuat-dien\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Chu K\u1ef3 Ti\u00ean Ti\u1ebfn Cho S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

Chu K\u1ef3 Rankine<\/h2>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 Rankine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:
\n<\/p>\n

  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un s\u00f4i<\/li>\n
  • Chu tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5<\/li>\n
  • Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n

    <\/u1>
    \nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tua-bin h\u01a1i<\/i>, chu k\u1ef3 Rankine chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    Chu K\u1ef3 Brayton<\/h2>\n

    Chu k\u1ef3 Brayton, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 tuabin kh\u00ed, l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuabin kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0:
    \n<\/p>\n

  • N\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong kh\u00ed n\u00e9n<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng qua tuabin<\/li>\n

    <\/u1>
    \nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Brayton l\u00e0:
    \n\\[
    \n\\text{Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t} = 1 – \\left(\\frac{P_1}{P_2}\\right)^{\\frac{\\gamma – 1}{\\gamma}}
    \n\\]\nTrong \u0111\u00f3, \\( P_1 \\) v\u00e0 \\( P_2 \\) l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n, v\u00e0 \\( \\gamma \\) l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t dung.<\/p>\n

    Chu K\u1ef3 Rankine-K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n

    Chu k\u1ef3 Rankine-k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chu k\u1ef3 Rankine v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 Brayton. Trong chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng sau khi ra kh\u1ecfi tuabin kh\u00ed (Brayton) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho chu k\u1ef3 Rankine. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hai chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb hao ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Chu K\u1ef3 Stirling<\/h2>\n

    Chu k\u1ef3 Stirling, ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Robert Stirling v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t k\u00edn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t. Chu k\u1ef3 Stirling c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:
    \n<\/p>\n

  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • Chu tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n

    <\/u1>
    \n\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Stirling l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. Chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Rankine, Brayton, Rankine-k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Stirling \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n.\" \/>\n<meta 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