{"id":697514,"date":"2024-10-14T20:12:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T19:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697514"},"modified":"2024-10-14T20:12:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T19:12:57","slug":"cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-cho-thu-hoi-nhiet-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-cho-thu-hoi-nhiet-thai\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc_cho_thu_hoi_nhiet_thai.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc Cho Thu H\u1ed3i Nhi\u1ec7t Th\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng cho thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/li>\n<li>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/li>\n<li>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Organic Rankine (ORC)<\/li>\n<li>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Kalina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o turbine, n\u01a1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i sau khi qua turbine ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m l\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1edd m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng turbine kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u00e9n kh\u00ed trong m\u00e1y n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0a kh\u00ed n\u00e9n qua bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, n\u01a1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0a kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng qua turbine \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi turbine v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Organic Rankine (ORC)<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Organic Rankine (ORC) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thay v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ORC l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh ORC l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bay h\u01a1i trong b\u1ed9 bay h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 qua turbine \u0111\u1ec3 sinh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb turbine ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 bay h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Kalina<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Kalina l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p amoniac v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Kalina g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p amoniac-n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i qua b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a qua turbine \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c chu 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