{"id":697552,"date":"2024-09-09T12:19:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T11:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697552"},"modified":"2024-09-09T12:19:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T11:19:20","slug":"phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-dong-co-dot-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-dong-co-dot-trong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/phan_tich_nhiet_dong_hoc_cua_dong_co_dot_trong.png\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1t Trong<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sang c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1t Trong<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 x\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u diesel) \u0111\u1ec3 sinh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xi-lanh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ea1p: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o xi-lanh.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9n: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a piston.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1t: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea9y piston xu\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>X\u1ea3: Kh\u00ed x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra kh\u1ecfi xi-lanh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chu k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Chu Tr\u00ecnh Otto<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh Otto, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy. Chu tr\u00ecnh Otto l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy:\n<p>\n      \\[<br \/>\n      P1 * V1^k = P2 * V2^k<br \/>\n      \\]\n      Trong \u0111\u00f3 \\(k\\) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t.\n    <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch (ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn):\n<p>\n      \\[<br \/>\n      Q_{in} = m * c_v * (T3 &#8211; T2)<br \/>\n      \\]\n    <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng entropy:\n<p>\n      \\[<br \/>\n      P3 * V3^k = P4 * V4^k<br \/>\n      \\]\n    <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch:\n<p>\n      \\[<br \/>\n      Q_{out} = m * c_v * (T4 &#8211; T1)<br \/>\n      \\]\n    <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Otto<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Otto \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\n  \\[<br \/>\n  \\eta = 1 &#8211; \\left(\\frac{V_1}{V_2}\\right)^{(k-1)}<br \/>\n  \\]\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, \\(V_1\\) v\u00e0 \\(V_2\\) l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a xi-lanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n theo chu tr\u00ecnh Otto, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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