{"id":697590,"date":"2024-11-06T07:18:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T06:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697590"},"modified":"2024-11-06T07:18:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T06:18:22","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-thiet-bi-vi-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-thiet-bi-vi-long\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_thiet_bi_vi_long.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00eanh vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 <em>chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/em>, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kia do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sang ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx} \\]\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>q<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li><em>k<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/mK)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\) l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Newton v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ q = h A (T_s &#8211; T_\\infty) \\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>q<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n (W)<\/li>\n<li><em>h<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m\u00b2K)<\/li>\n<li><em>A<\/em> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li><em>T<sub>s<\/sub><\/em> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n<li><em>T<sub>\u221e<\/sub><\/em> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong y h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00eanh vi m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c vi k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng vi l\u1ecfng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi l\u1ecfng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi l\u1ecfng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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