{"id":697647,"date":"2024-10-06T01:46:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T00:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697647"},"modified":"2024-10-06T01:46:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T00:46:57","slug":"mo-hinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-pin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-pin\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mo_hinh_nhiet_dong_hoc_cua_he_thong_pin.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin bao g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (cat\u1ed1t), c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (an\u1ed1t) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (electrolyte). Khi pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c, sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng: LiCoO<sub>2<\/sub> + C \u2194 Li<sup>+<\/sup> + CoO<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c \u00e2m: LiC<sub>6<\/sub> \u2194 6C + Li<sup>+<\/sup> + e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a pin<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, t\u1ed5n hao nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e0ng cao (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule).<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a pin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>Q = mc\u0394T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pin (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (J\/kg\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>\u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong pin, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>\\(\\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial t} = \\alpha \\nabla^2 T\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\alpha\\) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>\/s)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\nabla^2\\) l\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed Laplace, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cathode v\u00e0 anode ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong pin, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized 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