{"id":697742,"date":"2024-07-19T23:40:38","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T22:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697742"},"modified":"2024-07-19T23:40:38","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T22:40:38","slug":"nghien-cuu-nhiet-dong-hoc-ve-hydrate-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nghien-cuu-nhiet-dong-hoc-ve-hydrate-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nghien_cuu_nhiet_dong_hoc_ve_hydrate_khi.png\" alt=\"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrate kh\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hydrate l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (H<sub>2<\/sub>O) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 metan (CH<sub>4<\/sub>), etan (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>), propan (C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>) v\u00e0 dioxide cacbon (CO<sub>2<\/sub>). Hydrate th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrate kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrate kh\u00ed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, hydrate metan th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 10\u00b0C v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 30-40 bar. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>CH<sub>4<\/sub> (kh\u00ed) + nH<sub>2<\/sub>O (l\u1ecfng) => CH<sub>4<\/sub>\u2022nH<sub>2<\/sub>O (r\u1eafn)<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hydrate kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed:<\/b> Hydrate kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cao, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 160 l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed:<\/b> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, hydrate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hydrate gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i:<\/b> Hydrate kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00ed cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> t\u1eeb kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hydrate kh\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m:<\/b> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrate. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hydrate. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gibbs free energy v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hydrate kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hydrate kh\u00ed: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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