{"id":697805,"date":"2024-08-28T05:59:21","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T04:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697805"},"modified":"2024-08-28T05:59:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T04:59:21","slug":"mo-hinh-nhiet-tinh-toan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/mo-hinh-nhiet-tinh-toan\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00f4<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Fourier:<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \nQ<\/em> = -kA \\frac{\\Delta T}{\\Delta x}\n<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q<\/em>: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n
  • k<\/em>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • A<\/em>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394T<\/em>: S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394x<\/em>: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (m)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u Newton:<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \nQ = hA(T_s – T_\u221e)\n<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q<\/em>: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n
  • h<\/em>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m2<\/sup>\u00b7K)<\/li>\n
  • A<\/em>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
  • T_s<\/em>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
  • T_\u221e<\/em>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \nQ = \u03b5\u03c3A(T_s^4 – T_sur^4)\n<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q<\/em>: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (W)<\/li>\n
  • \u03b5<\/em>: \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n
  • \u03c3<\/em>: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67\u00d710-8<\/sup> W\/m2<\/sup>\u00b7K4<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
  • A<\/em>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (m2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n
  • T_s<\/em>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n
  • T_sur<\/em>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/b> T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4:<\/b> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/b> T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Y sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/b> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 b\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y, v.v.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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