{"id":697824,"date":"2024-10-30T11:50:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T10:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697824"},"modified":"2024-10-30T11:50:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T10:50:18","slug":"ky-thuat-nhiet-luong-de-xac-dinh-dac-tinh-vat-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/ky-thuat-nhiet-luong-de-xac-dinh-dac-tinh-vat-lieu\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ky_thuat_nhiet_luong_de_xac_dinh_dac_tinh_vat_lieu.png\" alt=\"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t dung, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (c):<\/strong> L\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00ean 1 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (k):<\/strong> L\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 W\/(m\u00b7K).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn (\u03bb):<\/strong> L\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t qua ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 W\/m\u00b7K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>Calorimeter:<\/strong> D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t dung c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 calorimeter \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 calorimeter c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thermal Conductivity Meter:<\/strong> D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qua m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thermal Analysis:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t (nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t tan ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha) c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) v\u00e0 DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry).<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (c):<\/strong> \\( Q = mc\\Delta T \\), trong \u0111\u00f3:\n<ul>\n<li>Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (J)<\/li>\n<li>m: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c: Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang (J\/kg\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (k):<\/strong> \\( Q = kA\\frac{\\Delta T}{d}t \\), trong \u0111\u00f3:\n<ul>\n<li>Q: Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (J)<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<li>d: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (m)<\/li>\n<li>t: Th\u1eddi gian (s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn (\u03bb):<\/strong> \\( \u03bb = \\frac{Qd}{A\\Delta Tt} \\), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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