{"id":697881,"date":"2024-08-08T18:34:51","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T17:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697881"},"modified":"2024-08-08T18:34:51","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T17:34:51","slug":"nguyen-ly-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-che-bien-thuc-pham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nguyen-ly-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-che-bien-thuc-pham\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nguyen_ly_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_trong_che_bien_thuc_pham.png\" alt=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecf v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111un n\u1ea5u, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai: T\u0103ng entropy<\/b>\n<p>Entropy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111un n\u1ea5u:<\/b>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111un n\u1ea5u, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 enzyme g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n (\\( Q = mc\\Delta T \\)), trong \u0111\u00f3 \\( Q \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \\( m \\) l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \\( c \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 \\( \\Delta T \\) l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4:<\/b>\n<p>S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i song song quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh:<\/b>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \\( Q = mc_p\\Delta T + mL_f \\), trong \u0111\u00f3 \\( c_p \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \\( L_f \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m tan r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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