{"id":697900,"date":"2024-08-30T17:17:11","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T16:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697900"},"modified":"2024-08-30T17:17:11","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T16:17:11","slug":"chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_cac_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc.png\" alt=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tuabin kh\u00ed. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (\u0394T = 0). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Q trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p><i>Q = W = nRTln\\left(\\frac{V2}{V1}\\right)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<li>W l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>R l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n<li>V<sub>1<\/sub>, V<sub>2<\/sub> l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (\u0394V = 0), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng W th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Q \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng U c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n<p><i>Q = \u0394U = nC<sub>v<\/sub>\u0394T<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C<sub>v<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (\u0394P = 0). C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p><i>Q = \u0394U + W = nC<sub>p<\/sub>\u0394T<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C<sub>p<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>W = P\u0394V, v\u1edbi P l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0394V l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Q = 0). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p><i>T<sub>1<\/sub>V<sub>1<\/sub><sup>\u03b3-1<\/sup> = T<sub>2<\/sub>V<sub>2<\/sub><sup>\u03b3-1<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b3 = C<sub>p<\/sub> \/ C<sub>v<\/sub> (t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 d\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00ed trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t di chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-30T16:17:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_cac_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/chuyen_nhiet_trong_cac_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"Chuy\\u1ec3n nhi\\u1ec7t trong c\\u00e1c chu tr\\u00ecnh nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u1ecdc\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/\",\"name\":\"Chuy\\u1ec3n nhi\\u1ec7t trong c\\u00e1c chu tr\\u00ecnh nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u1ecdc\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-30T16:17:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-30T16:17:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"Chuy\\u1ec3n nhi\\u1ec7t trong c\\u00e1c chu tr\\u00ecnh nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u1ecdc: T\\u00ecm hi\\u1ec3u c\\u00e1ch nhi\\u1ec7t di chuy\\u1ec3n trong c\\u00e1c h\\u1ec7 th\\u1ed1ng, nguy\\u00ean l\\u00fd c\\u01a1 b\\u1ea3n v\\u00e0 \\u1ee9ng d\\u1ee5ng th\\u1ef1c t\\u1ebf trong k\\u1ef9 thu\\u1eadt nhi\\u1ec7t.\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/chuyen-nhiet-trong-cac-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=697900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697900\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=697900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=697900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=697900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}