{"id":697919,"date":"2024-09-28T17:14:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697919"},"modified":"2024-09-28T17:14:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:14:32","slug":"nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-quy-trinh-duc-kim-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-quy-trinh-duc-kim-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_trong_quy_trinh_duc_kim_loai.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hai \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/b> B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai:<\/b> H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc &#8211; nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>R\u00f3t kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\n  <i>Q = m*L<\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Q: nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>m: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i (kg)<\/li>\n<li>L: nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (J\/kg)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h3>R\u00f3t v\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n<p>Khi kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh. S\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai, nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>\n  <i>q = -k*A*\\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\)<\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>q: l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (Watt)<\/li>\n<li>k: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\): gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K\/m)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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