{"id":697957,"date":"2024-08-15T13:05:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T12:05:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697957"},"modified":"2024-08-15T13:05:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T12:05:16","slug":"phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-nhiet-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-nhiet-lanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh ra ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c (b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai: C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng entropy, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • M\u00e1y n\u00e9n<\/li>\n
  • D\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng<\/li>\n
  • D\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i<\/li>\n
  • Van ti\u1ebft l\u01b0u<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Th\u0103ng hoa kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i d\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i, n\u01a1i m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p thu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u00e1y n\u00e9n, n\u01a1i kh\u00ed n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p sau \u0111\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi d\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng cao \u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n qua van ti\u1ebft l\u01b0u, n\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t chu tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \\( Q_{in} – Q_{out} = \\Delta U + W \\)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\(Q_{in}\\): nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
  • \\(Q_{out}\\): nhi\u1ec7t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\Delta U\\): s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng<\/li>\n
  • \\(W\\): c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t COP (Coefficient of Performance):<\/b><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 COP:<\/p>\n

    \\( COP = \\frac{Q_c}{W} \\)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \\( Q_c \\): nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n
  • \\( W \\): c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-nhiet-lanh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-nhiet-lanh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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