{"id":697995,"date":"2024-10-26T01:53:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T00:53:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=697995"},"modified":"2024-10-26T01:53:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T00:53:12","slug":"nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-cua-lam-lanh-tu-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-cua-lam-lanh-tu-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_cua_lam_lanh_tu_tinh.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh T\u1eeb T\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (Magnetic refrigeration) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t (magnetocaloric effect &#8211; MCE) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m entropy (\u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, entropy t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: T\u0103ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 -> Gi\u1ea3m entropy -> T\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>Khi g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 -> T\u0103ng entropy -> Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh T\u1eeb T\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i, t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 CFC hay HCFC.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cdt \u1ed3n h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 gadolinium, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong y khoa nh\u01b0 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c 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