{"id":698090,"date":"2024-10-24T03:23:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T02:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=698090"},"modified":"2024-10-24T03:23:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T02:23:55","slug":"toi-uu-hoa-thiet-ke-dua-tren-do-hon-loan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/toi-uu-hoa-thiet-ke-dua-tren-do-hon-loan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/toi_uu_hoa_thiet_ke_dua_tren_do_hon_loan.png\" alt=\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 turbulence, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ed1 Reynolds (Re), m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c nh\u1edbt:<\/p>\n<p>Re = \\frac{\\rho v L}{\\mu}<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><i>\u03c1<\/i>: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed (kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li><i>v<\/i>: V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li><i>L<\/i>: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (m)<\/li>\n<li><i>\u03bc<\/i>: \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed (Pa.s)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ed1 Reynolds cao (Re > 4000) th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, trong khi s\u1ed1 Reynolds th\u1ea5p (Re < 2300) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh khu\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t v\u00e0o trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 k\u00eanh d\u1ea1ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef S.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/h3>\n<p>Trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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