{"id":698109,"date":"2024-08-12T02:48:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T01:48:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=698109"},"modified":"2024-08-12T02:48:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T01:48:53","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-day-phan-luc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-he-thong-day-phan-luc\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c: Hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoc_cua_he_thong_day_phan_luc.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t): N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sinh ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:\n<p>\u0394U = Q &#8211; W<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0394U l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng, Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 W l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai: S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng entropi (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u00edn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch.\n<p>dS \u2265 \\frac{dQ}{T}<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, dS l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i entropi, dQ l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u00f2i phun v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>Bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n<p>Trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4xy h\u00f3a (oxygen) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>Q = m_f * LHV<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra, m_f l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 LHV l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (lower heating value).<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00f2i phun<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 ra qua v\u00f2i phun v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y (thrust) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>F = \\dot{m} * (v_e &#8211; v_0)<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, F l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y, \\dot{m} l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed, v_e l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2i phun, v\u00e0 v_0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed khi v\u00e0o v\u00f2i phun.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. B\u1edfi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c: Hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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